Chalazion: Causes, Symptoms, and First Aid Management
A chalazion is a small, fluid-filled cyst that forms in the eyelid. It is a common and usually harmless condition, most often affecting the upper eyelid, though it can develop on either eyelid. In some cases, more than one chalazion may form at the same time.
What Causes a Chalazion?
Inside the eyelids are tiny oil-producing glands called Meibomian glands. These glands release an oily substance called meibum, which helps lubricate the eyes.
A chalazion develops when:
- A Meibomian gland becomes blocked
- Meibum cannot drain properly into the tear film
- Oil leaks into surrounding eyelid tissue
- Local inflammation causes a firm, painless lump to form
People with blepharitis, eczema, or other skin conditions are more prone to chalazions because their meibum tends to be thicker and more likely to block the glands.
Signs and Symptoms of a Chalazion
Common features include:
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A small, firm lump on the eyelid
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Mild irritation or tenderness early on
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Usually not painful once established
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Redness and swelling only if infected (rare)
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Vision is typically unaffected, but very large chalazions may blur vision by pressing on the eye
Management and First Aid Care
Most chalazions resolve without medical treatment, but healing can take 2–6 months. The following measures may help speed recovery and relieve discomfort:
Warm Compresses
- Apply a clean, warm compress to the closed eyelid for 5–10 minutes
- Use a clean cloth soaked in warm (not hot) water
- Repeat several times daily
Gentle Massage
- After warming, gently massage the eyelid toward the lash line
- This may help promote drainage of the blocked gland
- Use clean fingers or a cotton swab
Eyelid Hygiene
- Clean the eyelids twice daily
- Use warm water with a small amount of diluted baby shampoo
- Helps remove oil buildup and dead skin
Medical Treatment
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If the chalazion is persistent, painful, or affects vision, a healthcare provider may recommend:
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Prescription treatment
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Steroid injection
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Minor surgical drainage (in stubborn cases)
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When to Seek Medical Care
Medical assessment is recommended if:
- The lump becomes painful, red, or swollen
- Vision is affected
- The chalazion does not improve after several weeks
- Recurrent chalazions occur
First Aid & Medical Disclaimer
This content is provided for educational and first aid awareness purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
St. Mark James Training, Canada’s largest 100% Canadian-owned and operated first aid and CPR training provider, teaches participants how to recognize common eye conditions, provide appropriate first aid care, and identify when medical evaluation is required.
For hands-on training, consider enrolling in Standard First Aid and CPR/AED, Emergency First Aid, or Childcare First Aid courses available across Canada through St. Mark James Training.