Sprained Ankle: First Aid, Recovery, and When to Seek Medical Care

A sprained ankle is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries treated in Canadian clinics and emergency departments. It occurs when one or more of the ligaments that stabilize the ankle joint are stretched or torn, usually due to sudden twisting or rolling of the ankle.

This injury often happens when the toes are planted on the ground while the heel lifts, particularly on uneven surfaces, stairs, or during sports. The ankle may roll inward, placing excessive strain on the ligaments.

The ligaments on the outside (lateral side) of the ankle are most commonly injured, but ligaments on the inside (medial side) can also be affected in more severe cases. These ligaments are responsible for joint stability and proprioception — the body’s sense of position and movement.

If a sprained ankle is suspected, a healthcare professional should assess the injury. While an X-ray is not always required, it may be ordered to rule out a fracture and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Immediate Care for a Sprained Ankle (RICE Method)

Early management plays a major role in recovery. The initial focus is to reduce pain, swelling, and further injury using the RICE method:

• Rest: Avoid activities that place weight on the ankle
• Ice: Apply ice for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours
• Compression: Use an elastic bandage or ankle wrap
• Elevation: Keep the ankle elevated above heart level

As part of early care, a healthcare provider may recommend:

• Temporary immobilization with an inflatable splint or brace
• Crutches to limit weight-bearing
• Anti-inflammatory medications, if appropriate
• Guided movement exercises once swelling improves

In more severe sprains, a short-leg cast or walking boot may be required for 10–14 days. An ankle brace is often recommended for several months during higher-risk activities such as basketball, volleyball, hiking, or stair climbing.

First aid training note: Proper use of the RICE method, injury assessment, and safe immobilization techniques are core skills taught in Canadian first aid courses.

Recovery and Rehabilitation After a Sprained Ankle

Recovery time depends on the severity of the ligament injury. Healing generally progresses in stages:

1. Protection and swelling control using RICE

2. Strengthening and range-of-motion exercises

3. Gradual return to activity, starting with straight-line movement before advancing to side-to-side motion

Skipping rehabilitation or returning to activity too early increases the risk of chronic ankle instability and repeat injuries. Ongoing strengthening and flexibility exercises help maintain long-term ankle stability.

Educational Disclaimer (Important)

This article is intended for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Sprained ankles can vary in severity, and improper management may lead to long-term joint instability or complications. Always seek assessment from a qualified healthcare provider for suspected injuries.

Skills such as injury assessment, use of the RICE method, splinting, and safe return-to-activity decisions are taught in Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced First Aid training programs across Canada.