Febrile Seizures in Canadian Children: What Parents Should Know

Febrile seizures are convulsions that can occur in babies and young children when their body temperature rises rapidly due to fever. Although the experience can be frightening for caregivers, most febrile seizures are brief and do not indicate long-term neurological problems.

Why Febrile Seizures Happen

The exact cause remains unclear. In many cases, a seizure occurs when a child’s temperature increases — or sometimes drops — quickly. Febrile seizures can run in families, suggesting a genetic component.

In Canada, febrile seizures are most commonly linked to viral illnesses that produce fever in infants and young children.

Reducing Fever Safely

While febrile seizures cannot always be prevented, caregivers can take steps to make a child more comfortable during a fever:

• Use fever-reducing medication if recommended by a healthcare professional

• Avoid overdressing or overwrapping — excess clothing traps heat

• Sponge gently with lukewarm (not cold) water

• Never use alcohol baths or cold water, as they may worsen shivering

• Stop sponging if the child begins to shiver

• Offer fluids frequently to reduce risk of dehydration

Common Signs of a Febrile Seizure

Symptoms vary, and not all will occur in every child. Possible signs include:

• Brief loss of consciousness or fainting (seconds to minutes)

• Rapid rise in temperature or high fever

• Muscle stiffness followed by rhythmic movements

• Clenching of jaw or teeth

• Cheek or tongue biting

• Eyes rolling upward

• Temporary loss of bladder or bowel control

• Changes in breathing patterns or brief pauses

Most episodes last only a few minutes, though children may appear sleepy or confused afterward as the brain recovers.

First Aid During a Febrile Seizure

If a child is experiencing a febrile seizure:

1. Stay calm and ensure the child is safe

2. Do not restrain the child

3. Do not place anything in their mouth

4. Gently position the child on their side to reduce choking risk

5. Loosen tight clothing and support the head with a soft object if available

6. Observe the duration of the seizure and any unusual movements

Children may remain disoriented for a short period afterward — this is normal as the brain resets.

When to Seek Emergency Help in Canada

Call emergency services (9-1-1 in Canada) or seek urgent medical care if:

• This is the child’s first febrile seizure

• Breathing difficulties occur or the skin appears bluish

• More than one seizure occurs during the same illness

• The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes

• The child does not regain responsiveness after the episode

• You have concerns or are unsure what caused the symptoms

Key Takeaway

Febrile seizures can be alarming, but most are short-lived and related to common childhood fevers. Canadian healthcare providers emphasize supportive care, fever management, and knowing when to seek emergency assistance.

Educational Disclaimer

This article is for public education in a Canadian context. It does not replace medical assessment, emergency care, or advice from healthcare professionals. If a seizure or concerning symptoms occur, contact a healthcare provider or call 9-1-1 in Canada.