Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Canadian Children: Symptoms, Spread & Care

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood viral illness that typically causes mild symptoms. It is most often caused by strains of the Coxsackie virus. The name comes from the characteristic blister-like rash seen on the hands, feet, and inside the mouth.

Although HFMD is common globally, Canadian pediatric care providers see cases frequently during daycare and school seasons when viruses spread easily between children.

Who Is Most at Risk?

HFMD most often affects infants and young children under age 10. Because it is contagious, older children, teenagers, and adults can occasionally become ill as well. Outbreaks sometimes occur in child care settings, camps, or schools due to close contact.

Early Symptoms

Symptoms can vary, but early signs may include:

• Fever

• Reduced appetite

• Sore throat

• Runny nose

After 1–2 days, small blister-like rashes may develop on the hands, feet, and in the mouth. Mouth sores may make eating or drinking uncomfortable for some children.

How HFMD Spreads

HFMD spreads easily through:

• Respiratory droplets (coughing and sneezing)

• Contact with saliva or nasal discharge

• Contact with stool (such as during diaper changes)

• Contact with surfaces contaminated with the virus

Children are most contagious during the first week but may still spread the virus until their rash and blisters resolve.

Treatment & Comfort Measures

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HFMD. Most cases are mild and recover on their own. Symptoms such as fever, mouth discomfort, and general aches can be managed with supportive care and hydration.

Canadian healthcare providers often recommend:

• Fluids to prevent dehydration

• Rest and comfort measures

• Pain or fever medication if appropriate and recommended by a professional

Prevention & Reducing Spread

To help protect others and slow transmission:

• Wash hands frequently, especially after changing diapers

• Disinfect toys, surfaces, and high-touch items

• Clean clothing and bedding contaminated with secretions

• Keep affected children home from daycare or group activities during the early phase of illness

HFMD is unrelated to foot-and-mouth disease found in livestock such as cattle, sheep, and pigs — the two illnesses are caused by different viruses and do not spread between animals and humans.

Educational Disclaimer

This article is for public education in a Canadian context. It does not provide medical or emergency advice. If symptoms worsen, dehydration occurs, or you are unsure about a child’s condition, contact a healthcare provider or seek guidance from local health services.