Diabetes: Signs, Management, and First Aid Awareness in Canada

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that occurs when blood sugar (glucose) levels remain consistently high. Glucose is the body’s primary source of energy, and its regulation depends on the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas.

In people with diabetes, the body either does not produce insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, allowing glucose to build up in the bloodstream instead of being used by the body’s cells.

Indications of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is most often diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, though it can occur at any age. Symptoms typically develop rapidly, especially in younger individuals.

Common indications include:

• Excessive thirst

• Frequent urination, particularly at night

• Extreme fatigue or weakness

• Unexplained weight loss and loss of muscle bulk

In adults, these symptoms may develop more gradually and are sometimes overlooked in the early stages.

These symptoms occur because glucose remains in the bloodstream rather than entering the cells to be used as energy. To compensate, the body attempts to eliminate excess glucose through the urine, leading to dehydration, fatigue, and weight loss.

First aid relevance: Recognizing early signs of diabetes — and complications such as low or high blood sugar — is an important component of first aid and emergency response training in Canada, particularly in schools, workplaces, and childcare settings.

Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed with proper medical care and daily monitoring.

Management focuses on:

• Keeping blood glucose levels within a safe range

• Preventing acute emergencies and long-term complications

• Supporting overall health and quality of life

Individuals diagnosed with diabetes are referred to healthcare specialists for ongoing care. Because the body cannot produce sufficient insulin, regular insulin administration is required. This is commonly done through injections or insulin pumps, depending on individual needs.

Potential Complications of Diabetes

If not properly managed, diabetes can lead to serious long-term health complications, including:

• Vision loss and blindness (diabetic retinopathy)

• Kidney disease or kidney failure

• Poor circulation, leading to foot ulcers and amputations

• Increased risk of heart disease and stroke

In Canada, individuals aged 12 and older with diabetes are advised to have annual eye examinations to screen for diabetic retinopathy.

Important Educational Disclaimer (Integrated)

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Diabetes is a complex condition that requires ongoing medical supervision.

From a first aid perspective, it is critical to recognize symptoms of blood sugar emergencies and know when to seek urgent medical help. These skills are taught in Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced First Aid training across Canada, where participants learn how to respond to diabetic emergencies safely and effectively.