Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Awareness for Parents and Caregivers

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious viral infection that causes symptoms similar to the common cold. In Canada, RSV is especially common during fall and winter months.

Most children will have had at least one RSV infection by the age of two. While the illness is usually mild, RSV can lead to more serious respiratory conditions—such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia—particularly in infants and vulnerable individuals.

For this reason, it is important to monitor symptoms closely and seek medical care if they worsen.

How RSV Spreads

RSV is caused by a virus that primarily affects the nose, throat, eyes, and lungs. It spreads easily through:

• Coughing or sneezing
• Close contact such as kissing or hugging
• Sharing food, cups, or utensils
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face

Because there are multiple strains of RSV, immunity does not last, and individuals can be infected more than once—often within the same season.

Common Signs and Symptoms

In most children, RSV causes mild cold-like symptoms, including:

• Cough
• Runny or blocked nose
• Fever
• Mild sore throat
• Ear discomfort

Symptoms in Infants

Infants may show additional signs, such as:

• Fussiness or irritability
• Low energy levels
• Poor feeding or reduced appetite

Some children may develop more serious symptoms, including wheezing or difficulty breathing. Medical attention should be sought immediately if breathing becomes laboured or rapid.

Home Care and Monitoring

Most mild RSV infections can be managed at home with supportive care:

• Elevate the child’s head slightly to improve breathing and sleep
• Use nasal suction for infants who struggle to breathe through congestion
• Manage fever with acetaminophen or ibuprofen (as advised by a healthcare provider)
• Avoid aspirin in children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome

Symptoms typically improve within one to two weeks in otherwise healthy children.

When RSV Can Become Serious

RSV can lead to complications in certain high-risk groups, including:

• Infants under 6 months of age, especially those born prematurely
• Adults over 65 years old
• Individuals with weakened immune systems
• People with chronic lung or heart conditions

These individuals may require care in a healthcare facility. Symptoms should be monitored closely, and medical care should be sought if breathing difficulties, dehydration, or worsening symptoms occur.

First Aid Awareness and Respiratory Emergencies

First aid and CPR training helps parents, caregivers, and educators:

• Recognize early signs of respiratory distress
• Monitor breathing and circulation
• Know when emergency medical services should be activated

This awareness is especially important in childcare and community settings across Canada.

Educational Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Hands-on first aid and CPR training supports early recognition and response to respiratory emergencies.