Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) in Infants and Children: First Aid Awareness for Parents and Caregivers

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a very common condition that affects infants, children, and adults. In young children—especially from birth to about 6 years of age—pink eye is frequently seen in homes, daycares, and school settings across Canada.

From a first aid and childcare safety perspective, understanding the signs of pink eye helps caregivers respond appropriately, reduce spread, and recognize when medical care is needed.

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice.

What Is Pink Eye?

Pink eye is inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent tissue that lines:

The white part of the eye (sclera)
The inside of the eyelids

Pink eye can be caused by:

Viruses (most common in children)
Bacteria
Allergic reactions (more common in adults)

Newborns may develop pink eye if they are exposed to microorganisms during delivery or shortly after birth through contact with contaminated hands or surfaces.

Common Signs of Pink Eye in Children

Eye Redness

The earliest and most noticeable sign is pink or red discoloration of the white part of the eye. This happens when tiny blood vessels on the eye surface become inflamed.

Often begins in one eye
Commonly spreads to the other eye within 24–48 hours
The inside of the eyelids may also appear red

Mucus and Eye Discharge

As inflammation increases, the eye may produce mucus or pus-like discharge.

Drainage may start in the inner corner of the eye
Can spread across the eye surface
Often dries overnight, causing eyelids to stick together in the morning
Crust is usually yellow or green

Dried discharge can be gently wiped away using a clean, damp cloth.

Puffiness and Swelling

In more severe cases, swelling may develop around:

The eyelids
The tissues surrounding the eye

Significant swelling can make it difficult for an infant or toddler to open their eyes comfortably.

Important First Aid Observation

Pink eye is usually a localized eye condition. Children with uncomplicated conjunctivitis typically do not have:

Fever
Low energy
Poor feeding
Widespread illness symptoms

If eye redness and discharge are accompanied by fever, lethargy, poor feeding, or other concerning symptoms, medical assessment is needed promptly.

First Aid Care and Infection Control

From a first aid and public health standpoint, proper hygiene is essential:

Wash hands before and after touching the child’s face or eyes
Use a clean cloth for each eye and each cleaning
Do not share towels, washcloths, or pillows
Encourage frequent handwashing in older children
Clean toys and shared surfaces regularly

These steps are especially important in daycare, preschool, and school environments.

When to Seek Medical Care

Medical evaluation is recommended if:

Eye redness or discharge worsens
Swelling becomes severe
Symptoms do not improve within a few days
The infant is very young (especially newborns)
Other symptoms such as fever or poor feeding develop

A healthcare provider can determine whether treatment—such as medicated eye drops—is needed.

Why Pink Eye Awareness Matters in First Aid Training

Pink eye is one of the most common childhood infections encountered in:

Childcare settings
Schools
Family homes

First aid training emphasizes:

Infection recognition
Hygiene-based prevention
Knowing when to escalate care

These skills help protect both the affected child and others in shared environments.

Educational Disclaimer

This content is provided for general education and first aid awareness only. It is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Infants and children with worsening eye symptoms or additional signs of illness should be assessed by a healthcare professional.