Neurodermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Neurodermatitis is a chronic skin condition that begins with persistent itching, which can develop on almost any area of the body. Common sites include the arms, legs, scalp, and the back of the neck, as well as sensitive areas such as the genital and anal regions. When it affects the genital area, it often appears on the vulva or scrotum.

The condition is driven by an itch–scratch cycle. An itchy patch leads to repeated scratching or rubbing, which further irritates the skin and makes the itch worse. For many individuals, the itch becomes most intense during periods of rest, stress, or sleep, and scratching may occur unconsciously at night.

Indications of Neurodermatitis

Individuals with neurodermatitis may notice one or more of the following signs:

• Persistent itchiness – typically limited to one or two patches of skin

• Worsening itch at rest or during stress

• Pain or discomfort, especially if the scalp is affected

• Raised, rough patches of skin that may appear red, violet, or brown

• Thickened, leathery skin caused by repeated scratching or rubbing

• Hair loss, particularly if scratching occurs on the scalp

• Open sores or bleeding, increasing the risk of infection

• Scarring, especially if deeper skin layers are damaged

• Signs of infection, including drainage, honey-coloured crusts, or pus-filled bumps

Without proper management, continued scratching can lead to long-term skin damage and recurrent infections.

Management of Neurodermatitis

Treatment is individualized and focuses on breaking the itch–scratch cycle. A healthcare provider may recommend one or more of the following approaches:

Medications and Topical Treatments

• Corticosteroids applied directly to the affected area to reduce inflammation and itching

  • In some cases, corticosteroids may be injected into thickened patches

• Antihistamines to reduce itching and support better sleep

• Moisturizers to reduce dryness and skin irritation

• Coal tar preparations, applied to the skin or added to bathwater

• Capsaicin cream to help reduce nerve-related itching

Supportive Measures

• Apply a cool compress or soak the area for 5 minutes before using topical medication to improve absorption

• Cover the affected area at night to prevent unconscious scratching and protect healing skin

• Manage stress, as emotional strain can worsen symptoms

First Aid & Skin Care Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Persistent itching, skin thickening, open sores, or signs of infection should always be assessed by a healthcare professional.

Understanding common skin conditions such as neurodermatitis is an important part of first aid awareness and personal health education. For practical training in recognizing skin conditions, managing minor wounds, and preventing infection, consider enrolling in a First Aid and CPR course with St. Mark James Training, Canada’s largest 100% Canadian-owned first aid training provider.