Group A Streptococcal Infections: First Aid Awareness for Canadians
Group A streptococcal infections are caused by bacteria that can lead to a range of illnesses. The most well-known is strep throat, which commonly affects school-aged children and teenagers across Canada.
These bacteria can also cause skin infections, including cellulitis and impetigo. Group A strep infections spread through close contact, especially exposure to respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by touching infected skin lesions.
Because these infections spread easily in schools, daycare centres, and households, early recognition and basic infection control are important.
Signs and Symptoms by Age Group
Symptoms of group A streptococcal infection can vary depending on a child’s age.
Infants and Toddlers (Under 3 Years)
Symptoms are often milder and may include:
- Low-grade fever
- Thick or persistent nasal discharge
- Irritability
- Reduced appetite
- Swollen glands in the neck
Children Over 3 Years and Teens
Older children may experience more typical and severe symptoms, such as:
- Sudden sore or painful throat
- Redness in the throat
- High fever
- Swollen glands in the neck
- White patches or pus on the tonsils
Symptoms usually develop 2–5 days after exposure to the bacteria.
What You Can Do at Home
While antibiotics are required to treat group A streptococcal infections, some measures may help reduce discomfort while awaiting medical care:
- Gargling with warm salt water (for older children)
- Ensuring adequate fluids and rest
- Using acetaminophen to reduce fever and discomfort (as directed)
These steps do not replace medical treatment, but they can help support comfort.
When to See a Doctor
A healthcare provider should be consulted if a child has:
- A sore throat with visible pus on the tonsils
- Swollen neck glands
- Persistent fever
- Difficulty swallowing
Prompt medical assessment is important to prevent complications.
Treatment and Recovery
Group A streptococcal infections are typically treated with antibiotics, most commonly penicillin. Alternatives such as amoxicillin or other approved antibiotics may be used if needed.
With proper treatment, most children recover fully. However, untreated infections can lead to complications, including:
- Ear or sinus infections
- Spread to other parts of the body
- Rare but serious conditions such as rheumatic fever, which can affect the heart and joints
Why First Aid Training Still Matters
While first aid providers do not diagnose or prescribe treatment, first aid training teaches early recognition, infection control, and when to escalate care — especially in schools, workplaces, and community settings.
Educational Disclaimer
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. For hands-on learning related to illness recognition, hygiene, and emergency response, formal first aid training is recommended.