Gas (Flatus): Causes, Triggers, and When to Seek Medical Advice

Gas, also known as flatus, is produced in the stomach and intestines as the body breaks down food during digestion. Passing gas is a normal bodily function, and most people pass gas anywhere from 6 to 20 times per day.

In most cases, gas is harmless and temporary. However, excessive gas, bloating, or discomfort can sometimes signal digestive intolerance or an underlying medical condition.

What Causes Gas?

Gas forms when food is broken down by bacteria in the digestive tract or when excess air is swallowed. Common causes include:

Swallowing Air

Air swallowed while eating, drinking, chewing gum, smoking, or talking while eating may travel through the gastrointestinal tract and be released as gas. Excess air can also contribute to hiccups and bloating.

Certain Foods and Beverages

The amount and type of gas produced varies from person to person. Foods that commonly increase gas include:

• Vegetables: asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, onions, peas, raw potatoes

• Fruits: bananas, apricots, peaches, pears, melons, raw apples, prunes

• Legumes: beans, lentils, chickpeas

• Grains: wheat, wheat bran

• Dairy products: milk, cheese, ice cream (especially in those with lactose intolerance)

• Sugars and sugar substitutes

• Carbonated beverages: soft drinks, beer, fruit drinks, red wine

• Fried or fatty foods

Medications and Supplements

Some prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and nutritional supplements can cause gas or bloating as a side effect.

Digestive and Hormonal Factors

• Constipation (often causes bloating rather than increased gas)
• Hormonal changes, particularly before menstruation
• Digestive disorders, such as Crohn’s disease or food intolerances

Management and Prevention

Gas can often be reduced with dietary and lifestyle adjustments, including:

• Eating slowly and avoiding swallowing air
• Limiting gas-producing foods
• Reducing carbonated drinks
• Managing constipation
• Keeping a food diary to identify personal triggers

Some individuals find relief with over-the-counter products containing simethicone, which work by breaking up gas bubbles in the digestive tract. These products may reduce discomfort but do not treat underlying causes.

If gas is persistent, painful, or accompanied by symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, vomiting, fever, blood in stool, or severe abdominal pain, medical assessment is recommended.

First Aid & Health Awareness Disclaimer (Canada)

Medical & Educational Disclaimer:
This information is provided for general education and first aid awareness only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Persistent or severe digestive symptoms should be assessed by a qualified healthcare provider. First aid training in Canada helps individuals recognize when symptoms are normal versus when medical care or emergency response is required.