SLAP Tear of the Shoulder: Causes, Symptoms, and First Aid Awareness

A SLAP tear is a specific type of shoulder injury involving damage to the labrum, a ring of strong cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket and helps stabilize the joint.

SLAP stands for Superior Labrum, Anterior to Posterior, describing a tear in the upper portion of the labrum from the front to the back of the shoulder joint. This area is particularly vulnerable because it helps anchor the biceps tendon and is stressed during overhead and lifting movements.

In Canada, SLAP tears are frequently seen in athletes, workers performing repetitive overhead tasks, and individuals involved in falls or vehicle collisions.

Common Causes of a SLAP Tear

A SLAP tear may occur due to sudden trauma or repetitive strain. Common causes include:

• Falling onto an outstretched arm
• Direct falls onto the shoulder
• Bracing during a motor vehicle collision
• Repeated heavy lifting or sudden forceful lifting
• Overhead sports such as baseball, hockey, volleyball, or throwing activities

SLAP tears often occur alongside other shoulder injuries, including rotator cuff tears, which can complicate recovery.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms may develop suddenly or gradually and can include:

• Clicking, popping, or catching sensations in the shoulder

• Pain when lifting the arm overhead or throwing

• A feeling of instability or weakness in the shoulder

• Deep aching pain within the joint

• Reduced performance during sports or work activities

Pain may worsen with repetitive motion or prolonged use of the arm.

First Aid and Early Care Awareness

Early recognition of shoulder injuries can help prevent long-term damage.

Initial first aid steps may include:

• Rest: Avoid activities that worsen shoulder pain
• Cold or heat therapy: Apply for 15–20 minutes to reduce discomfort
• Support: Using a sling temporarily to reduce strain
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relief may help reduce discomfort

If pain persists, worsens, or affects daily activities, medical assessment is recommended.

Treatment Overview (Medical Care)

Many SLAP tears can initially be managed with rehabilitation and activity modification. Rehabilitation typically focuses on strengthening the rotator cuff and improving shoulder stability.

In cases where symptoms do not improve, arthroscopic surgery may be considered to repair the damaged labrum. Recovery plans vary depending on severity and activity demands.

First Aid Training and Injury Awareness

First aid and CPR training, particularly advanced and intermediate first aid, helps individuals:

• Recognize signs of serious joint injuries
• Provide early care and activity modification
• Know when professional medical evaluation is necessary

This knowledge is valuable for athletes, coaches, parents, and workers across Canada.

Educational Disclaimer

This content is provided for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. For hands-on learning related to injury recognition and emergency response, formal first aid education is recommended.