Lumbago (Lower Back Pain): Causes, Warning Signs, and First Aid Care

Lumbago, commonly referred to as lower back pain, ranges from mild discomfort to intense pain. It can be acute or become chronic when it persists for more than three months. Most Canadians will experience lower back pain at some point in their lives.

Lumbago can occur at any age, but it is particularly common:

• Among young adults whose work involves physical exertion (construction, healthcare, warehousing)

• Among older adults, due to age-related changes in the spine

In many cases, lower back pain improves within a few weeks, but for some individuals it becomes persistent and can significantly affect daily activities and work capacity.

Common Causes of Lumbago

In most cases, the exact cause cannot be clearly identified. The lower back is a complex structure of muscles, ligaments, joints, discs, and nerves, and small injuries are often difficult to detect.

Possible causes include:

• Minor tears or strains in muscles and ligaments

• Poor posture or improper lifting

• Repetitive movements or prolonged sitting

In some cases, lumbago is linked to a specific medical condition such as:

• Arthritis

• Slipped (herniated) disc

• Fracture of one or more vertebrae

• Abnormal spinal curvature

• Tumours or spinal infections

Signs and Symptoms of Lumbago

Common indications include:

• Pain in the lower back that may spread to the buttocks, groin, or back of the thigh

• Pain that worsens with movement

• Reduced spinal mobility, especially when bending forward or leaning backward

• Muscle spasms around the spine causing stiffness

• A tilted posture or limp due to pain

• Tingling or numbness that may extend into the leg or foot

Warning Signs: Seek Medical Care Immediately

Some symptoms suggest serious spinal or nerve involvement and require urgent medical assessment:

• Loss of bladder or bowel control

• Sudden weakness or numbness in the lower back or legs

• Back pain accompanied by muscle weakness or loss of muscle bulk in one or both legs

These signs may indicate spinal cord or nerve compression, and prompt treatment is critical to prevent permanent damage.

First Aid and Home Care for Lumbago

For uncomplicated lower back pain, the following measures may help relieve discomfort:

• Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers or muscle relaxants may be recommended by a healthcare provider

• Stay active: Gentle movement helps maintain strength and prevents stiffness

• Heat therapy: Warm compresses or heat creams (such as capsaicin-based products) can ease muscle tension

• Rest position: Rest on a firm, flat surface if pain is severe

• Activity modification: Avoid bending, stooping, heavy lifting, and sitting on low chairs

First aid training emphasizes recognizing when back pain is manageable at home versus when it requires medical attention, especially in workplace or sports settings.

Why Lumbago Matters in First Aid Training in Canada

Lower back injuries are a leading cause of missed workdays and disability claims in Canada. First aid programs help participants:

• Recognize serious spinal warning signs

• Provide safe, supportive care

• Prevent further injury

• Understand when emergency care is required

Disclaimer and Educational Notice

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical assessment or treatment. First aid training teaches initial recognition and supportive care, not diagnosis or rehabilitation. Anyone with persistent, worsening, or severe lower back pain should seek evaluation from a qualified healthcare professional.