Sleep-Related Seizures: What to Know
Seizures occur when there is a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain. These episodes can temporarily affect movement, awareness, behaviour or sensation. Some seizures involve subtle staring, while others include shaking or twitching of the limbs.
Although seizures are often associated with wakefulness, some people experience them while asleep. Sleep-related seizures can be stressful for families and care providers, especially when they occur for the first time.
Important note: This content is for general education only and does not replace medical assessment. Always seek emergency care in life-threatening situations such as trouble breathing, injury, or prolonged seizure activity.
Sleep Stages and Seizures
Sleep cycles alternate between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The seizure pattern can vary depending on which stage a person is in.
NREM Sleep Seizures
NREM sleep is characterized by regular breathing and very little movement. Seizures that occur during this stage are often generalized, meaning the electrical activity affects both sides of the brain. These episodes typically last 1–2 minutes.
REM Sleep Seizures
REM sleep involves irregular breathing and small muscle twitches in the face, arms, and legs. Seizures during REM sleep are usually partial (focal), affecting only one hemisphere of the brain and may last around 90 seconds.
Conditions That May Be Confused with Sleep Seizures
Several other sleep-related behaviours can resemble seizures, including:
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Sleep walking
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Night terrors
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Bed-wetting
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Restless leg syndrome
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Narcolepsy
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Sleep apnea
Healthcare professionals may use diagnostic testing such as an EEG to help differentiate seizure activity from these conditions.
Treatment and Management
Many people with sleep-related seizures are treated with anti-epileptic medications (AEDs). These medications aim to reduce the electrical excitability in the brain and lower seizure frequency. Consistent use is important, as missed doses can provoke seizure activity. Treatment planning should always involve a qualified healthcare professional.
The Role of Sleep Patterns
Sleep deprivation and abrupt changes to sleeping habits are known seizure triggers. Maintaining a steady sleep routine is encouraged, although excessive sleep can also be a trigger for some individuals. A balanced approach is best, guided by health provider recommendations.
Safety and Preparedness in Canada
While seizures are a medical condition assessed by healthcare professionals, preparedness is important—especially in workplaces, schools, and public environments. Canadian first aid training programs often include recognition of seizure activity and supportive care measures.
Courses in first aid, CPR, and workplace safety can help Canadians respond calmly and safely during unexpected medical events while awaiting medical care. These courses do not treat the condition but support better emergency awareness across communities.
Educational Disclaimer (required):
This article is for public education only and does not provide diagnosis or treatment. Anyone experiencing first-time seizure activity, prolonged seizures, injury, or breathing difficulties should seek immediate medical attention.