Achilles Tendinitis: Symptoms, Causes, and First Aid Awareness
Achilles tendinitis is a common overuse injury affecting the Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body. It connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone and is essential for walking, running, and jumping.
In Canada, Achilles tendinitis is frequently seen in runners, recreational athletes, and workers who spend long hours on their feet. It often develops during seasonal changes, particularly when people increase activity levels in spring or summer after being less active in winter.
When the tendon is repeatedly stressed without adequate recovery, small tears can develop. This leads to inflammation, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Without proper care, the tendon may weaken over time and, in severe cases, rupture.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:
- Dull or sharp pain along the back of the ankle, usually near the heel
- Stiffness in the ankle, especially in the morning
- Swelling, warmth, or redness over the tendon
- Reduced ankle flexibility
- A small thickened area or lump along the tendon
- A creaking or cracking sensation with movement
Pain may improve with rest but return once activity resumes.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
Achilles tendinitis is most often caused by repetitive strain rather than a single injury. Common risk factors include:
- Tight or fatigued calf muscles
- Sudden increases in physical activity or hill running
- Inadequate stretching or warm-up routines
- Wearing stiff or poorly fitted footwear
- Overpronation (excessive inward rolling of the foot)
- Training or working on hard surfaces
Cold Canadian climates can also increase injury risk if muscles and tendons are not properly warmed up before activity.
First Aid and Early Care
Early recognition and basic first aid can help prevent the condition from worsening.
Initial care includes:
- Rest: Reduce or stop activities that trigger pain
- Cold therapy: Apply ice for 15–20 minutes several times daily
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications may be used if appropriate
- Activity modification: Avoid running or jumping until pain improves
Once pain and swelling decrease, gentle stretching and gradual strengthening can help restore normal function.
When to Seek Medical Care
Medical assessment is recommended if pain persists for more than two weeks, worsens, or interferes with walking or daily activities.
Educational Disclaimer
This content is for educational and first aid awareness purposes only. Learning how to recognize musculoskeletal injuries and provide early care is an important component of first aid training in Canada.