Measles in Canada: Symptoms, Prevention & Public Health Information

Measles is a contagious viral infection that can affect anyone who has not been vaccinated or previously infected. It is more common in young children, although outbreaks can occur in teens and adults as well. Most cases clear within 7–10 days.

Early Symptoms to Watch For

Symptoms typically begin about 10 days after exposure and may include:

• Fever (may reach up to 40°C)

• Cold-like symptoms (runny nose, cough, sneezing)

• Sore, red, light-sensitive eyes

• Small grey-white spots inside the cheeks (Koplik spots)

After a few days, a red-brown blotchy rash appears, usually starting on the head/neck and spreading to the rest of the body.

When to Seek Medical Assessment

If measles is suspected in a child or adult, contact a healthcare provider. Call ahead so precautions can be taken to avoid exposing others, especially in clinics and waiting rooms.

A healthcare visit is recommended if:

• the person has been exposed to someone with measles and is not fully vaccinated

• symptoms suggest measles

• symptoms worsen or complications are suspected

Is Measles Serious?

While many people recover fully, measles can cause complications such as:

• ear infections

• pneumonia

• encephalitis (brain inflammation) — rare but serious

Once recovered, most individuals develop long-lasting immunity and are unlikely to get the infection again.

How Measles Spreads

Measles spreads through droplets from coughing or sneezing. The virus can also survive on surfaces for several hours.

A person is infectious from the start of symptoms to 4 days after the rash appears.

Prevention Through Vaccination

In Canada, measles protection is provided through the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine:

• First dose: ~12–13 months

• Second dose: before starting school

Older children and adults can still be vaccinated later if not previously immunized. The vaccine helps prevent illness and reduces community outbreaks.

Caring for Symptoms at Home

Home care focuses on comfort and reducing spread:

• Stay home from school or work for at least 4 days after the rash begins

• Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever or discomfort (as directed)

• Keep lights dim if eyes are light-sensitive

• Encourage hydration to avoid dehydration

• Use clean cotton pads with water for eye irritation

Hospital care may be needed for severe symptoms or complications.

First Aid & Public Health Preparedness in Canada

Measles prevention and recognition involve public health awareness. St. Mark James Training provides first aid and CPR/AED courses that strengthen community readiness and health literacy in schools, childcare environments, and workplaces — a valuable layer of preparedness during infectious disease season.

Educational Disclaimer

This article provides public education for Canadians and does not replace medical advice. Consult a healthcare provider for suspected measles or vaccine-related questions.