Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Symptoms, Types, and Why Early Recognition Matters

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder that affects many Canadians. Some individuals experience noticeable symptoms, while others may have no symptoms at all and only learn they have AFib during a routine medical examination.

AFib can occur in people with existing heart disease, but it can also develop in individuals who are otherwise healthy.

What Are the Possible Symptoms?

If symptoms are present, they may include one or more of the following:

• Irregular, rapid, or fluttering heartbeat

• Pounding or racing sensation in the chest

• Chest pain or pressure

• Lightheadedness or dizziness, sometimes leading to fainting

• Fatigue or weakness

• Shortness of breath

• Reduced ability to exercise or tolerate activity

Some people have no symptoms, yet AFib is still dangerous because it increases the risk of blood clots and stroke.

What Happens During Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat in a fast and irregular pattern. This disrupts normal blood flow through the heart, allowing blood to pool and increasing the risk of clot formation. If a clot travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke, which is why early detection and management are critical.

Types of Atrial Fibrillation

AFib is classified based on how long it lasts and how it responds to treatment.

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

• Episodes come and go, lasting minutes to several days

• Typically stops on its own within 7 days

• May not require treatment initially, but medical evaluation is recommended

This form is sometimes referred to as “holiday heart syndrome”, as it can occur after heavy alcohol intake, late nights, dehydration, or extreme stress—even in otherwise healthy individuals.

Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

• Lasts longer than 7 days

• May stop on its own or require medication

• Some individuals need electrical cardioversion, a controlled low-voltage shock delivered in a healthcare facility under sedation, to restore normal rhythm

Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

• Persists longer than one year

• Does not resolve on its own

• Often resistant to medications and electrical cardioversion

Permanent Atrial Fibrillation

• Normal rhythm cannot be restored

• Treatment focuses on controlling heart rate and reducing stroke risk, often with long-term medications

When Is AFib a Medical Emergency?

Call 911 immediately if atrial fibrillation symptoms occur alongside:

• Severe chest pain

• Sudden shortness of breath

• Confusion or difficulty speaking

• Weakness or numbness on one side of the body

• Fainting or collapse

These may indicate a heart attack or stroke, both of which require immediate emergency care.

First Aid & Health Education Disclaimer (Canada)

Educational & First Aid Disclaimer:
This information is provided for general education and first aid awareness only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Atrial fibrillation requires assessment by a qualified healthcare provider. First aid and CPR training in Canada helps individuals recognize dangerous symptoms, respond appropriately, and understand when emergency services must be activated.