Spondylosis: Age-Related Wear and Tear of the Spine

Spondylosis refers to age-related, wear-and-tear changes affecting the spine. Many Canadians develop some degree of spondylosis as they grow older, and in most cases, it does not cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are typically mild and may include intermittent pain, stiffness, or reduced flexibility.

Spondylosis can affect any region of the spine, including the neck (cervical spine), mid-back (thoracic spine), or lower back (lumbar spine). The likelihood of developing spinal changes increases steadily with age.

What Causes Spondylosis?

The spine extends from the base of the skull to the tailbone and plays a critical role in:

• Supporting body weight

• Allowing movement and flexibility

• Protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots

Each vertebra is separated by intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers and allow smooth movement. Over time, normal daily use leads to gradual degeneration of these structures.

As part of the aging process:

• Discs lose moisture and elasticity

• Disc height decreases

• Cushioning between vertebrae is reduced

When vertebrae begin to rub against each other, the body may form bone spurs (osteophytes) in response. These changes are characteristic of spondylosis and may contribute to stiffness or discomfort.

Risk Factors for Developing Spondylosis

While aging is the primary cause, several factors can increase the likelihood or severity of symptoms:

• Overweight or obesity

• Previous spinal injuries or surgery

• Sedentary lifestyle or lack of regular movement

• Occupations involving repetitive strain or heavy lifting

Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Advice

Most people with spondylosis experience no symptoms at all. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Dull or aching back or neck pain

• Stiffness, especially after rest

• Reduced range of motion

Medical assessment is recommended if pain:

• Becomes persistent or severe

• Radiates into the arms or legs

• Is accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness

These may indicate nerve involvement and require further investigation.

Management and Treatment Options

In most cases, no specific medical treatment is required for spondylosis.

Common management strategies include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers such as NSAIDs (as advised by a healthcare provider)

• Staying physically active to maintain flexibility and strength

• Gentle stretching and posture awareness

Regular movement helps loosen stiff joints and strengthens muscles that support the aging spine. Short periods of rest may be helpful during flare-ups, but prolonged inactivity is discouraged.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is rarely required and is only considered when:

• Conservative treatments fail

• Pain is severe and long-lasting

• There is nerve compression affecting function

First Aid Awareness and Spine Safety in Canada

While spondylosis itself is not a first aid emergency, understanding back care, safe movement, injury prevention, and when spinal pain requires medical attention is an important component of first aid education—especially for caregivers, older adults, and workplace supervisors.

This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Learning how to respond to spinal pain, falls, and mobility issues through formal first aid training can help Canadians reduce injury risks and recognize warning signs that require professional care.