Osteoarthritis: Treatment Options, Pain Relief, and Joint Care in Canada

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint conditions, affecting millions of Canadians. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions joints gradually wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.

While osteoarthritis cannot be cured, early management, proper joint care, and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce symptoms, slow progression, and help individuals remain active and independent.

Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis

There are three main treatment approaches used in Canada to manage osteoarthritis. The most appropriate option depends on the affected joint, severity of symptoms, age, activity level, and overall health of the individual.

Medications

Medications are often the first line of treatment for managing osteoarthritis pain and stiffness. A healthcare provider may recommend one medication or a combination.

Acetaminophen

• Common first choice for pain relief

• Does not reduce inflammation

• Widely available over the counter in Canada

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

• Includes ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin

• Helps reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation

• Available in over-the-counter and prescription strengths

⚠️ NSAIDs should be used cautiously, especially by individuals with stomach, kidney, heart, or bleeding conditions.

Viscosupplementation (Hyaluronic Acid Injections)

As people age or develop osteoarthritis, synovial fluid within the joint can become thin and less effective at lubrication.

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance that:

• Improves joint lubrication

• Reduces friction between joint surfaces

• May improve mobility and decrease pain

These injections are commonly used for knee osteoarthritis in Canada when oral medications are no longer effective.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgery is usually considered only when conservative treatments fail and pain or disability significantly affects daily life.

Arthroscopy

• Minimally invasive procedure

• Allows surgeons to examine and clean damaged joint tissue

• Best suited for select cases

Osteotomy

• Involves reshaping or realigning bones

• Reduces pressure on damaged joint areas

Joint Replacement

• Commonly performed on hips and knees

• Damaged joint surfaces are replaced with artificial components

• Artificial joints typically last 15–20 years

Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion)

• Used when joint replacement is not possible

• Eliminates movement to relieve severe pain

First Aid and Daily Joint Care Considerations

While first aid does not treat osteoarthritis itself, first aid training emphasizes joint protection, injury prevention, and recognizing flare-ups that may require medical attention.

Helpful measures include:

• Avoiding activities that worsen joint pain

• Using supportive braces or mobility aids

• Applying heat for stiffness or cold for swelling

• Maintaining gentle activity to preserve joint function

Integrated Educational Disclaimer

Important Canadian First Aid Disclaimer:
This content is provided for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Osteoarthritis is a chronic medical condition that requires assessment and ongoing care by healthcare professionals. Canadian first aid training focuses on supportive care, injury prevention, and recognizing when medical evaluation is required.