Hip Fractures: Causes, Symptoms & Recovery Awareness

A hip fracture is a break in the upper portion of the femur (thigh bone) where it fits into the hip joint. Hip fractures can significantly affect mobility, independence, and daily living—especially among older adults. Recovery often involves an extended rehabilitation period focused on strength, balance, and mobility.

Relevance in Canadian First Aid & Workplaces

Hip fractures are commonly associated with falls, and fall-related injuries are a major safety concern in Canadian workplaces, long-term care settings, community programs, and winter environments. Fall prevention, safe movement, and environmental awareness help reduce fracture risks among older adults and individuals with mobility or balance changes.

Scenario (Mild & Realistic)

During the winter, Margaret slipped on a patch of ice near her driveway. After the fall, she experienced strong hip pain and difficulty standing. Neighbours assisted her and contacted family, and she later underwent rehabilitation focused on balance and mobility. With time and support, Margaret returned to walking around her neighbourhood.

Who Is Affected?

Hip fractures are most common among adults 65 years and older. Changes in bone density, balance, and muscle strength can make falls more likely and bones more vulnerable to fracture. Younger individuals can also experience hip fractures during contact sports, vehicle collisions, or high-impact activities.

Symptoms of a Hip Fracture

Symptoms can include:

• Pain in the hip or groin

• Difficulty putting weight on the leg

• Reduced ability to walk

• Shortened or outward-turned leg position in some cases

• Swelling or bruising around the hip

• Rarely, knee or thigh pain despite the fracture location

Not all fractures present the same way. Some individuals may still be able to walk, particularly if bones are thinner due to osteoporosis or other conditions.

Causes & Risk Factors

Common causes include:

• Falls from standing height, especially among older adults

• High-impact sports and recreational injuries

• Motor vehicle collisions

Risk factors may include:

• Family history of fractures

• Being female (due to bone density changes across the lifespan)

• Smoking or sedentary lifestyle

• Medical conditions affecting balance or mobility

• Reduced bone density or osteoporosis

• Certain long-term medications

Diagnosis & Treatment (Awareness)

Hip fractures are typically confirmed with imaging such as X-ray, CT, or MRI. Treatment often involves surgery followed by rehabilitation. Recovery aims to support mobility, prevent complications from prolonged bed rest, and gradually rebuild strength and balance.

Supportive care from family members, caregivers, and health professionals can play an important role in daily activities and emotional well-being during recovery.

Prevention & Safety Considerations

Hip fracture prevention focuses on:

• Fall prevention (indoor and outdoor)

• Safe winter walking techniques

• Adequate lighting and clutter-free living spaces

• Balance and strength training

• Awareness of medications that affect dizziness or balance

Programs in workplaces, community centres, and healthcare settings often include fall prevention education for older adults and caregivers.

FAQ

Why are hip fractures more common in older adults?
Bone density, balance, and muscle strength can change with age, increasing both fall risk and fracture likelihood.

Can a hip fracture happen without a major fall?
Yes. In individuals with reduced bone density, fractures can occur from minor slips or even without falling.

Do hip fractures always require surgery?
Treatment varies depending on severity, location, and individual health factors. Many fractures are surgically repaired followed by rehabilitation.

How long does recovery take?
Recovery timelines vary widely. Some individuals regain mobility within months, while others may require longer-term support and therapy.

Educational Note

This article provides public and workplace education about hip fractures, fall awareness, and mobility-related injury prevention. Recovery and care approaches vary, and trained health professionals can assess concerns that affect function, independence, or daily activities.