Dust Mite Allergies: Symptoms, Causes & Exposure Reduction

Why Dust Mite Allergies Matter 

Dust mites are a common indoor allergen in Canada and can trigger symptoms ranging from sneezing and nasal congestion to cough and wheezing. People with asthma or sensitive airways may experience more pronounced symptoms.

Knowledge of allergens and respiratory triggers is useful not only at home, but also in workplaces such as childcare settings, healthcare environments, offices, and long-term care facilities. Canadian first aid and safety training also covers respiratory distress recognition and how to respond appropriately during an asthma-related emergency.

What Are Dust Mites?

Dust mites are microscopic organisms related to spiders and ticks. They feed on shed human skin cells and thrive in warm, humid environments. Common indoor reservoirs include:

• Bedding

• Upholstered furniture

• Carpets

• Fabric cushions

• Drapes

Bedrooms tend to host higher concentrations due to humidity and fabric surfaces.

Common Symptoms of Dust Mite Allergy

Symptoms may resemble seasonal allergies or mild respiratory irritation:

• Sneezing

• Runny or congested nose

• Itchy, watery eyes

• Cough or post-nasal drip

• Facial pressure

• Swollen or bluish skin under the eyes

• Frequent nose rubbing (common in children)

Individuals with asthma may also experience wheezing, tightness in the chest, or difficulty breathing.

Severity Can Vary

A mild dust mite allergy may cause occasional sneezing or itchy eyes, while more persistent exposure can contribute to chronic congestion or trigger asthma symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Reducing exposure can help lessen symptom frequency.

What Causes Dust Mite Allergy?

Allergic reactions occur when the immune system responds to proteins found in dust mite body parts and fecal particles. House dust easily collects in fabrics, retaining warmth and moisture — ideal for mite growth. Indoor heating during Canadian winters can further dry air yet increase dust circulation.

Reducing Exposure at Home

Completely eliminating dust mites is not realistic, but exposure can be minimized:

✔ Use allergen-proof mattress and pillow covers
✔ Wash bedding weekly in hot water
✔ Reduce indoor humidity (air conditioning or dehumidifiers)
✔ Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture regularly (HEPA preferred)
✔ Replace or minimize fabric-heavy furnishings where possible
✔ Use furnace/AC filters and replace every 3 months
✔ Avoid dust-trapping bedding

Medical Treatment Options

Healthcare professionals may recommend:

• Antihistamines

• Nasal corticosteroids

• Decongestants

• Leukotriene modifiers

• Immunotherapy (allergy shots)

• Nasal saline rinses

Treatment varies based on age, severity, and asthma involvement.

Educational Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace clinical diagnosis, asthma action planning, or certified first aid training. Seek medical care for persistent or severe respiratory symptoms.