Rhinovirus Infections (The Common Cold) in Children

Rhinovirus infections are most commonly associated with the common cold. These viruses are widespread and are responsible not only for colds, but also for ear infections, sore throat, sinus infections, and in rare cases, more serious conditions such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, particularly in young children.

Rhinoviruses spread easily through person-to-person contact. When a child has a runny nose, the virus can be transmitted through nasal secretions on hands, as well as through sneezing or coughing.

Signs and Symptoms of Rhinovirus Infection

A cold often begins with a runny, watery nose with clear drainage. As the infection progresses, nasal discharge may become thicker and appear yellow, green, brown, or gray. This change in colour is normal and usually indicates that the body is fighting off the infection.

Other common symptoms include:

• Mild fever
• Sneezing
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Reduced appetite

In some children, white or yellow patches may appear on the tonsils. This may indicate a streptococcal infection and should be assessed by a healthcare provider.

The incubation period for rhinovirus infections is typically 2–3 days, and symptoms usually resolve within 10–14 days.

Home Care for Rhinovirus Infections

Most rhinovirus infections are mild and can be managed at home:

• Encourage rest
• Provide plenty of fluids, especially if the child has a fever
• Use fever-reducing medication such as acetaminophen only if advised by a doctor
• Avoid over-the-counter cold or cough medications unless directed by a healthcare provider

When to Seek Medical Care

A doctor should be consulted if:

• An infant under 3 months old develops cold symptoms
• The child shows signs of difficulty breathing
• Lips or fingernails appear bluish
• There is persistent coughing
• The child is unusually lethargic or difficult to wake
• Ear pain develops, which may indicate an ear infection

Infants and young children are more vulnerable to complications such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, which is why close monitoring is essential.

Prevention and First Aid Awareness

Good hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of rhinovirus infections. Children should wash their hands frequently, especially after coughing, sneezing, or wiping their nose. Infants under three months should be kept away from individuals with cold symptoms whenever possible.

This information is provided for educational and first aid awareness purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Recognizing symptoms early and knowing when to escalate care are key skills taught in pediatric first aid training in Canada.

St. Mark James Training, Canada’s largest 100% Canadian-owned and operated first aid and CPR training provider, educates parents, educators, and caregivers on recognizing childhood illnesses, managing symptoms safely, and knowing when to seek medical attention.